Consolidation and swelling behavior of kaolinite clay containing xanthan gum biopolymer

Abstract Recently, microbial biopolymer-based soil treatment (BPST) has gained attention for its application in environmentally friendly stabilization, particularly enhancing the strength and stability of fine-grained soils. However, effects BPST on clay’s compressibility (consolidation) expansion (swelling) behaviors remain unclear. This study used xanthan gum, a microbially produced polysaccharide with anionic charges, to stabilize kaolinite clay. The effect gum consolidation swelling behavior cohesive clays was assessed through series experimental tests, including one-dimensional tests elastic wave measurements, environmental scanning electron microscopy, unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tests. formation hydrogels induces pore-clogging, resulting delay process, increased energy dissipation, compressibility. Furthermore, interaction between improved undrained shear soils, thereby reducing time required specific bearing capacity. demonstrates possible controlling hydraulic conductivity, seismic rapid surface stabilization. additional drainage is necessary situ applications.